'Kaving' a niche for Fiji
Kava, a traditional drink in several Pacific nations, not least Fiji, is to be further developed
as an export, both as a drink and as a medicinal plant. Known locally in Fiji as Yaqona, the plant
root (a relative of pepper) contains kavalactones which is a useful treatment for people with
anxiety and stress disorders.
Although kavalactones can now be produced artificially, research has shown that these
synthetics are not as effective as the natural extract. With the direct benefits that farmers have
received from growing this cash crop, kava has the potential of challenging the importance of sugar
in the national economy of Fiji.
However, processing is a major bottleneck and poses challenges for the future of the industry as fresh Kava products cannot be exported. Currently, dried stumps and roots are exported in bulk to laboratories overseas but the Pacific Islands (Fiji, Samoa, Tonga, Vanuatu and Pohnpei) could benefit from greater added value if the product could be partially processed before export. Industrial extraction methods can create a range of products including: freeze-dried extract; an essential oil obtained by distilling leaves with water; an extract of active kavalactones; and spray drying of enriched fresh juices.
Another potential problem lies in the selection of cultivars to provide a high yield of kavalactones. Kava is grown from cuttings and is therefore at threat from new diseases and other environmental change. Farmers in the northern islands of Vanuatu were the first to select and develop cultivars to improve yield and chemical composition characteristics. Over 80 different cultivars can now be found in Vanuatu, far more than anywhere else in the Pacific. The greatest threat to current production in the Pacific islands is the development of large plantations elsewhere as healthy cuttings are now available in great quantities from Hawaii. A major research priority for Fiji is to ensure the increased supply of disease free planting material with the establishment of yaqona nurseries at research stations around the country. A recent workshop was also held to discuss the further development of the industry in Fiji including creating greater awareness of the Kava products to tourists and potential consumers.
